Crawford, building the workingmans paradise the design of. Reza sadeghbeigi, in fluid catalytic cracking handbook second edition, 2000. This book provides a complete and indepth view of fcc process, design and operating principles. The standpipes height provides the driving force for transferring the catalyst from the regenerator to the reactor. Guichon valves valve manufacturer for petrochemicals fcc. Tlv valves linked transfer line valve and decoking valves advantages of this design 1. Fluid catalytic cracking fcc is the dominant conversion process in petroleum refineries and the major contributor to value added in the refining process. Several licensors utilize plug valves to control the catalyst flow in their units in lieu of slide valves.
It is a linear motion valve thatis used to start, regulate, and stop fluid flow. Fluid catalytic cracking fcc is one of the most important conversion processes used in petroleum refineries. Move a disc, or plug into or against an orifice for example, globe or needle type valve. If catalyst get lumps one can experience such phenomenon. With these rigorous design specifications, the tapcoenpro slide valve is able to offer outstanding performance in fccu service as well. Exxonmobil torrance final report chemical safety board. An fcc unit is a pressure balance operation, basically behaving similar to a water manometer. Slide valve type slv dn50230012 pn16150 description. Spent catalyst control slide valves regenerated catalyst control slide valves flue gas slide valves. Valve is operated by a high pressure hydraulic power control unit with thrust control system. Proven and reliable design with hundreds of installations worldwide. Fcc at pembroke refinery initial hydro skim refinery commissioned in 1967 cracking facilities commissioned in 1983 texaco side by side rxrg unit, with a main fractionator and gas concentration section can process over 35% resid of total throughput of over 100,000 bpsd 600m3hr one of the biggest fcc in europe. The fluid catalytic cracking handbook provides practical information on the design, operation, troubleshooting, and optimization of fluid catalytic cracking fcc facilities. An expert guide to the practical operation, design, and optimization of fcc units reza sadeghbeigi gulf professional publishing, jun 22, 2000 science 369 pages.
All body mounting surfaces are cnc machined in order to allow a precise matching of the components during the assembly stage. All are available in a range of materials to suit the food, pharmaceutical and chemical processing. Best practices to increase performance, reliability. Fccu slide valves pushing the boundaries of slide valve technology to eradicate failure even under the most extreme operating conditions. The reactor temperature is controlled by the regenerated catalyst slide valve. Give us the tools, and we will finish the job winston. Slide valve actuator systems for catalyst control in fcc refineries when reliability and dependability are primary factors, bafco slide valve actuators are the first choice of fcc refinery operators. One of the latest additions to imi remosas product list is the double disc double displacement 4d slide valve, a completely symmetric valve in which each of the two discs is able to perform the dual displacement and close the port even if the other one is stuck in any position. Onsite fccu slide valve and actuator supervision and repair houston services personnel has been repairing fccu slide valves for over 30 years.
Secure the module to the right and left brackets with the screws. Depending on the choice of fcc design, the combustion in the regenerator of the. Valves typically found on the fccu include the regenerated catalyst slide valve. To select the correct valve to fulfill these functions properly, an outline of the different types of valves and their features is given below.
Balaveera reddy, 2010 6 design of machine elements ii by prof. Asme american society of mechanical engineers, api american petroleum institute, ansi american national standards institute. Differential pressure between the regenerator and reactor vessels is the driving force that allows for the fluidized catalyst to circulate between the regenerator and reactor vessels see figure 12. Most of our valve designs help set industry standards. This thoroughly updated edition of fluid catalytic cracking handbook provides practical information on the design, operation, troubleshooting, and optimization of fluid catalytic cracking fcc facilities. It uses a rubber tube pinchtube to control the fluid. Remosa starts to design its own control systems and actuators, in order to. In fact, we have seen work done where the cylinder head seat was a radius instead of an angle to improve flow. Several methods exist for sif evaluation, but all point toward defining a desired availability and reliability performance from the. Slide valves for fluid catalytic cracking fcc and flue gas lines. Fluid catalytic cracking technology and operations. A basic swing check valve consists of a valve body, a bonnet, and a disk that is connected to a hinge. Within the reactor standpipe is the spent catalyst slide valve.
Control valves are an increasingly vital component of modern manufacturing around the world. To protect the fcc unit during abnormal operation power loss, equipment failure, etc. It was not much used in the uk but, at one time, had great popularity in the united states. The elevation difference between the standpipe entrance and the slide valve is the source of this pressure buildup. There are four basic types of flow control elements employed in valve design. Fcc emergency interlock system application by lewis pettengill uop catcracker conference may 2011 galveston, texas page 3 of 10 reduction factors. All components that are subject to erosion and wear are easily replaceable.
Remosa starts to design its own control systems and actuators, in order to provide the customers with a complete and. This book includes extensive and proven knowledge from leading experts in the process control field including contributions from the isa and the crane company. Fluid catalytic cracking fcc is one of the most important conversion processes used in. Fcc control systems maximize performance and onstream reliability.
Shortly remosa became a world leader in this niche. Fluid catalytic process, also introduced in 1942, offered an excellent integration of the cracking reactor and the catalyst regenerator that provides the highest thermal efficiency, as shown in figure 7. Based on the authors years of field experience, this expanded, second edition covers the latest technologies to improve the profitability and reliability of the fcc. The control valve handbook has been a primary reference since its first printing in 1965. Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons was originally done by thermal cracking. This system design manual illustrates the proper way to apply deltapvalves and optimize systems with their application. Parallel slide gate valve erv electronic relief valve technical data sizes. Rotate a disc or ellipse about a shaft extending across the. Tapcoenpros enhancement to the original plug valve design includes an internal stuffing box. Several methods exist for sif evaluation, but all point toward defining a desired availability and reliability performance from the system. Guichon valvesproposes a valve design with sliding gate and sleeve combination.
Fluid catalytic cracking, or fcc, was the first application of finepowder fluidization. Slide valves are control valves and are identified by their location and function in. The control valve handbook is both a textbook and a reference on the strongest link in the control loop. Fluid catalytic cracking technology and operations joseph w. In fcc or dcc, the differential pr across slide valves are very critical for plant safety. Fcc 1 what practices have you implemented around slide valve inspection. The flow of spent catalyst to the regenerator is regulated by a slide valve in the spent catalyst line. Thie book is organized into ten chapters, each focusing on a different aspect of valve technology such as valve selection criteria and valve actuators or a specific type of.
The elevation difference between the standpipe entrance and the slide valve is the source of this. Valve types and features the three basic functions of valves are. The slide valve or plug valve also provides a positive seal against a flow reversal of the hydrocarbons into the regenerator or hot flue gas into the reactor. Interestingly, the first commercial fcc unit essos model i in 1942 had both the reactor and regenerator in the form of entrained circulating fluid beds. A bit of simple arithmetic reveals that the total amount of steam to and from each end of the cylinder per minute figures out to be.
The disk swings away from the valveseat to allow flow in the forward direction, and returns to valveseat when upstream flow is stopped, to prevent backflow. Many different designs of fluid catalytic crackers have been introduced over the years. Fluidized catalytic cracking colorado school of mines. Imi remosa slide valves are designed for easy maintenance. Slide valves have selfclosing tendency and are open by the process medium or external hydraulic system. Our range of automatic membrane slide valves covers four main types each in both round and square designs, namely the single cylinder, the double cylinder, the multi position and the multi single. All are available in a range of materials to suit the food, pharmaceutical and chemical processing industries plus other powder related industries. Pinch valvea pinch valve is the simplest valve design. This valve worked by connecting the upper and lower valves so as to be worked by one rod or spindle, and in making the stem or tube which connects them hollow, so as to serve for an. Slide the media module to the top of the stud cavity to allow access for the cable connections below.
Slide a flat, cylindrical, or spherical surface across an orifice for example, gate and plug valves. Deltapvalves, introduced to the hvac market in 1992, are the original pressureindependent, modulating 2way control valve designed for hydronic applications. Custom design able to fit in existing units without the need of major structural reworks. Pdf modeling and simulation for fcc unit using aspen hysys. Specifically designed for steam and feedwater applications, the psg provides bidirectional zeroleakage using the ram coating systems. Our range of manually operated membrane slide valves cover the three main types each in both round and square designs. Fluid catalytic cracking, or fcc, is the last step in the evolution of cat cracking processes also introduced in 1942, just like tcc or thermafor cat cracking, during the second world war in an effort to make highoctane number gasoline. Successful operation of the fcc unit is critical to the operation of the fcc unit is critical to the operating success of most refineries.
Advantages they are ideally suited for the handling of slurries, liquids with large amounts of suspended solids, and systems that convey solids. Remosa becomes manufacturer of valves for the fcc fluid catalytic cracking and expander prt applications. Remosa enters for the first time uop vendor list as fcc expander applications supplier. Because tapcoenpro slide valves have been designed to outperform industry standards for safety, performance and reliability, they have become the valve ofchoice of those in the severe environment process industries. It is widely used to convert the highboiling, highmolecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils into more valuable gasoline, olefinic gases, and other products. Because tapcoenpro slide valves have been designed to outperform industry standards for safety, performance and reliability, they have become the valveofchoice of those in the severe environment process industries.
In fcc, a fluidizedbed or fluidbed of catalyst particles is brought into contact with the gas oil feed along with injected steam at the. It gave some of the advantages of a piston valve to a slide valve by relieving the pressure on the back of the valve, thus reducing friction and wear. Dec 08, 2012 pinch valvea pinch valve is the simplest valve design. Pearson 4 hand book of valves and actuators by brain nesbitt standard refer api 594, asme b16, astm a126 5 design data hand book 3rd edition by k. Exxonmobil operated fcc unit equipment beyond its predicted safe operating life. Fccu slide valves fccu boltless slide valves two port flue gas diverter valves fcc spent. Process and mechanical design guidelines for fcc equipment. Slide valve, hot shell design spent regenerated recirculation catalyst cooled flue gas double disc temperature up to 650 c up to 850 c up to 850 c up to 850 c up to 850 c material handled fcc catalyst fcc catalyst fcc catalyst fcc catalyst flue gas, steam, catalyst fines size up to 150 up to 150 up to 150 up to 150 up to 150. To have your answers included in the final answer book, submit them no later than. The slide valve or plug valve regulates the flow of catalyst between the regenerator and reactor. In our fcc deep catalytic cracking unit spent catalyst.
The balanced slide valve was invented by the scottish engineer alexander allan. The fifth edition has added new material including chapters on actuators, valvelocking devices, double block and bleed ball valves and a glossary of valve terminology. Case studies slide valves, diverter valve, vo valve. The valvtechnologies parallel slide gate valve psg addresses the need for true inline valve reparability in large diameter, highenergy piping systems. Of the spent and regenerated cat valves, the latter is even more super critical as typically one gets adequate pr drop in spent cat valve owing to reactor elevation and reactor cat level. Properly selected and maintained control valves increase efficiency, safety, profitability, and ecology. The d slide valve, or more specifically long d slide valve, is a form of slide valve, invented by william murdoch and patented in 1799. The piston moves axially in the direction of flow and perpendicularly to the sealing surface. Valve sliding part is hardfaced with cobalt base material to avoid wearing. Fcc special valves best practices to increase performance. The disc in a swing type check valve is unguided as it fully opens or closes.